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HP Discovers Fourth Type of Circuit

CHICAGO (Reuters) – It took about 40 years to find it, but scientists at Hewlett-Packard said on Wednesday they discovered a fourth basic type of electrical circuit that could lead to a computer you never have to boot up.

The finding proves what until now had only been theory—but could save millions from the tedium of waiting for a computer to find its “place,” the researchers said.

Basic electronics theory teaches that there are three fundamental elements of a passive circuit—resistors, capacitors and inductors.

But in the 1970s, Leon Chua of the University of California at Berkeley, theorized there should be a fourth called a memory resistor, or memristor, for short, and he worked out the mathematical equations to prove it.

Now, a team at Hewlett-Packard led by Stanley Williams has proven that ‘memristance’ exists. They developed a mathematical model and a physical example of a memristor, which they describe in the journal Nature.

“It’s very different from any other electrical device,” Williams said of his memristor in a telephone interview. “No combination of resistor, capacitor or inductor will give you that property.”

Williams likens the property to water flowing through a garden hose. In a regular circuit, the water flows from more than one direction.

But in a memory resistor, the hose remembers what direction the water (or current) is flowing from, and it expands in that direction to improve the flow. If water or current flows from the other direction, the hose shrinks.

“It remembers both the direction and the amount of charge that flows through it. … That is the memory,” Williams said.

The discovery is more than an academic pursuit for Williams, who said the finding could lead a new kind of computer memory that would never need booting up.

Conventional computers use dynamic random access memory or DRAM, which is lost when the power is turned off, and must be accessed from the hard drive when the computer goes back on.

But a computer that incorporates this new kind of memory circuit would never lose it place, even when the power is turned off.

“If you turn on your computer it will come up instantly where it was when you turned it off. That is a very interesting potential application, and one that is very realistic,” Williams said.

But he said understanding this new circuit element could be critical as companies attempt to build ever smaller devices.

“It’s essential that people understand this to be able to go further into the world of nanoelectronics,” referring to electronics on the nano scale—objects tens of thousands of times smaller than the width of a human hair.

“It turns out that memristance, this property, gets more important as the device gets smaller. That is another major reason it took so long to find,” Williams said.

(Editing by Maggie Fox)

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AMD’s 9850: Better For Spreadsheets, But Core 2 Quad Still Wins

AMD’s 9850: Better For Spreadsheets, But Core 2 Quad Still Wins

Categories:

Chips

Tags:

AMD, CPUs, Intel

A couple of months ago, I wrote about how AMD’s Phenom quad-core chip stacked up to Intel’s Core 2 Quad on high end applications, specifically Excel spreadsheets. The results weren’t pretty for AMD.

Two weeks ago, AMD released the new “B3″ stepping , which resolves the Translation Lookaside Buffer problem. In addition, AMD sent sent a 2.5GHz version of the chip, which is faster than the version I tried before, and suggested I try again. So I did.

This time out, I tested on a white box built by PC Magazine, first with a older 2.3GHz Phenom 9600; and then with a new 2.5GHz Phenom 9850. Most versions were quad-core processors; in a machine with Windows Vista an 2GB of RAM and twin ATI graphics cards. For comparison, I’m including numbers on an older HP system with a 2.4GHz Intel Core 2 Quad 6600 and 3GB of memory, which should be competitively priced. (The graphics cards are pretty much wasted on a spreadsheet application.) Also, mostly just to show the extreme of performance, again, I’m including a comparison with a much more expensive Polywell system with a 3GHz Intel quad-core 9650 Core 2 Extreme, also with 2GB of memory.

As you can see, in tests of a “Monte Carlo”-type simulation and a large pivot table, the Phenom 9850 did prove to be 8 to 12 percent faster than the 9600, a noticeable improvement, but mainly consistent with the clock speed increase. But the Core 2 Quad Q6600 continues to be 11 to 25 faster than the Phenom 9850.

This really shows up in a complex data table, which takes almost two hours on a Phenom 9600, an hour and 42 minutes on a 9850, and an hour and a half on a Q6600. The system based on Intel’s higher-end part was much better than any of these, taking just 68 minutes. Obviously, this isn’t a typical spreadsheet, but if you do serious calculations, the extra cost may be worth it.

Overall, AMD makes the point that its chips are less expensive, and that you can therefore afford to put in better graphics. Of course, right now, I think most people buying quad-core systems can afford discrete graphics anyway.

Obviously, for most typical users running most spreadsheets, the Phenom is fast enough, especially in a system with good graphics, so a lower cost could be attractive. (Look for a processor ending in ‘50 to make sure you get one that avoids the TLB problem.) But since Q6600-based systems are in the same price range, if you’re serious about big spreadsheets, I’d still have to go with the Core 2 Quad.

By the way, ExtremeTech today pitted the Phenom 9850 against the Intel Core 2 Quad Q9300 , focusing more on gaming etc. The Q9300 is a newer chip (45nm) than the year-old Q6600 I tested, though at the moment, I see more Q6600’s in the real world.

Photo Effects 1.41

Photo Effects is a new program for processing photos with the help of various filters. With it, you can completely transform any image. The program allows you to use more than 50 effects, including both traditional and original ones. You will be able to take a look at your photos in the rain and snow, in fog and up in the sky, add some sun light to it or swirl it in a typhoon…

You can combine effects and create truly fantastic compositions. It is possible to apply the selected filters both to the entire image and to its parts highlighting the most important fragment of the photo. Photo Effects will help to decorate your home photo album, website and will even allow you to create an original greeting card.

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Windows Vista Aero Theme

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Windows XP 4 Green Logon Screens

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Active@ UNDELETE 7.0.045

Active@ UNDELETE – Data Recovery is a powerful data recovery software that helps you to recover deleted files, lost and formatted data from hard drives, floppy disks, basic and dynamic volumes, hardware or software RAID. Software supports: NTFS, FAT32, FAT16, NTFS5, NTFS+EFS file systems and works under all Windows family operating systems: Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows 2003 Server, Windows XP and Windows VISTA. Besides hard disk drives program supports recovery from removable devices like Secure Digital, Compact Flash, SmartMedia, SONY Memory Stick, ZIP drives, USB Hard drives etc .

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Bill Gates says Windows 7 replacing Vista next year

Bill Gates: New Version of Windows Within a Year

While speaking at the Inter-American Development Bank Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates told an audience that a new version of Windows will come within a year, far ahead of the 3 year release target indicated by his company.

The next version of Windows, codenamed ‘Windows 7′, will reportedly come in both 32- and 64-bit and may work on a subscription model. It is yet to be confirmed whether Gates was referring to a release or early testing.

“Sometime in the next year or so we will have a new version. I’m super-enthused about what it [Windows 7] will do in lots of ways,” said Gates.

Info:

http://news.google.com/news?ned=us&hl=en&ned=us&ie=UTF-8&ncl=1148435360

Startup Faster 3.0

Startup Faster! is a revolutionary tool that makes your computer startup much faster; it can even protect your hard disk from sudden crash. Ever wondered why your top-speed computer looks like a 286 while booting Windows? Now it’s not a problem!

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New Life for Windows XP

by Lance Ulanoff

Recently, there have been many reports about Microsoft extending the life of Windows XP —yet again—in order to support the new ultra-low-cost (ULC) laptops. What I find strange is that everyone seems to have forgotten about Vista Home Basic , the version of Microsoft Windows Vista designed for low-cost, low-powered PCs.

Frequent readers of my column know that I have no love for this neutered version of the OS. But if Microsoft is going to try and own the growing super-low-cost, entry-level and third-world PC markets, I would think it would want its newest product out there as opposed to something that it’s supposed to end-of-life in the next couple of years.

One argument in favor of XP is that despite Basic’s, well, basic qualities, it’s still too big for some low-cost, low-end laptops, like the ASUS Eee PC 4G, for example. This surprised me until I really looked at its specs:

Processor Speed: 900 MHz

RAM: 512 MB

Graphics Card: Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 900 GM

Storage Capacity: 4 GB

I then compared these specs with the minimum requirements for bot Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition and Vista Home Basic:

Windows XP Home Edition: Processor Speed: 233-MHz Pentium or faster (300 MHz recommended) RAM: 64 MB (128 MB recommended) Storage Capacity: 1.5 GB Graphics: Super VGA (800 x 600) CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive

Windows Vista Home Basic: Processor Speed: 800 MHz RAM: 512 MB Storage Capacity: 20 GB (15 GB of available space) Graphics: Super VGA CD-ROM drive

At first glance, it’s clear that XP Home’s requirements are far lower than those of Vista. Upon closer examination, however, I noticed that Vista would fit perfectly on the Eee PC if it weren’t for the ungodly amount of hard drive space it requires—15 to 20 GB.

Now I’ve been using Vista for a while. Overall, it doesn’t have that many more Microsoft mini apps and features than what I could get on an SP3 version of Microsoft Windows XP Home. So what the heck is Microsoft doing with all those gigabytes of space?